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Philosophy

Borobudur: The Architecture of Empty Fullness

Borobudur is a temple built around an unusual absence, one that quietly reshapes how meaning, worship, psychological insight, and spiritual experience function. Borobudur, in Central Java, Indonesia, is a ninth-century Mahāyāna Buddhist monument constructed as a terraced hill rather than a hollow sanctuary. Its mass is largely earth and stone; there is no interior chamber […]